The Three Faces of Leadership

This article was published in the Nov. 2003 editionover. He becomes locked (at best) in his current
of Hamilton, Ontario's BIZ Magazine under the titleposition or (worse) shifted to even more
"Leadership's Triple Crown" LMWhat does it takemanagerial-heavy (and thus, lower on the
to be the head of a small business, a departmentleadership continuum) responsibilities. Moving
manager, or even a corporate CEO? Theforward requires the soft skills of leadership.
effective director isn't one persona but three: aVision and courage are absolutely essential for
Visionary, a Manager, and a Mentor/Coach. Adelegation as well as the ability to trust others and
leader must be capable in all three roles and mustto get of the way, allowing people to make their
have the proper perspective of their relativeown mistakes.As the leader grows, he must not
importance for him, in his position, at this time andonly delegate his managerial tasks, but also
place in his career. A tall order, complicatedtransition from being "hands on" to "hands off". No
further by those roles never being static, shiftingone, particularly those higher on the corporate
with circumstance, the business climate,food chain, likes to be micromanaged. Being able
organizational needs and with the individual'sto affectively assess the level of one's
preferences and abilities.The Leader asinvolvement and required degree of tracking in
VisionaryThe visionary is the one who handles thedelegated assignments is the main skill leap
creation or inspiring of goal-directed action. Thisbetween the leader as manager and the leader as
leader is the man, or woman, with the plan.Thementor/coach.Steve Thompson of Brantford,
senior manager, CEO, president, general managerOntario-based Stellarc Precision Bar is one
or owner has a fundamental responsibility toexecutive mastering this tricky delegation
"Create the Vision." The illusory definition of who,balancing act in his leadership style. Thompson
as a company, we are, what we do and why,wasn't really sure where his skills needed
where we are, where we're going and how wedevelopment, he had only an uneasy feeling that
get there from here. Once that vision is defined --he was spending a lot of time "spinning his
and that's no easy task -- the leader mustwheels." So, he came to The Leadership Centre
articulate it in terms the will enable, even compel,for support. When he began to recognize how
others to buy in and dedicate themselves to it. Inmuch of a "hands on" manager he was, he
other words, agree to follow. To quote authorresolved to make immediate changes. He
John C. Maxwell, "If you think you are a leaderreorganized offices, added responsibilities to all of
but have no followers, you're not leading, you'rehis departmental managers and provided personal
just going for a walk."The visionary, however, isproductivity, leadership and time management
not just a dreamer. The plan must translate intotraining.His new focus on giving his managers the
action. The leader is the one who must outline aresponsibility and authority to get things done --
clear, specific, and effective strategy for bringingrather than doing them himself -- has given him
the vision to life. This "plan" isn't just a simpletime and freedom to focus on new visions and
timeline. You can't say you intend to land on thenew directions for the company as well as on
moon next year without considering how to buildsome important personal goals. In the past three
the rocket required for getting there. The visionyears he has more than doubled the size of the
will fail without a reasonable estimate of theplant, added a million dollar state of the art bar
necessary resources, including capital, facilities,processing line and brought in a new, dynamic
equipment, people and talents essential to aplant manager all while reducing his own work
successful implementation. Determining what isweek to about fifty hours from a grueling
needed, how to acquire it, and where best toseventy hour schedule.The Leader as Mentor
deploy assets is fundamental to making a visionCoachSome 80 per cent of people say they are
reality. Any map includes milestones along thenot "engaged" at work. They don't like, respect or
road and a method for tracking results so thatcare about their company, their managers, their
everyone involved knows at all times whatfellow workers or their customers. What's truly
progress is being made. You would run out of gasscary about this scenario is that the overwhelming
on the highway without a fuel gage. Don't expectnumber of these employees have no immediate
your people to complete a journey without anplans to change jobs. They don't believe things
idea of how far they have to go and whatare any better someplace else. Is there a
resources they have to get there.A leader's abilitymeasure of personal responsibility for this
not only to be a visionary but to convey thatsituation? Definitely. But whose job is it, ultimately,
message powerfully enough so employees wantto help change the situation? The leader as
to strive for that goal has a direct impact on thementor/coach.Of the three fundamental roles of
company's bottom line. The clearest example Ithe executive, this is the one that most affects
know of this is two well-known Hamilton, Ontariothe continuing growth of both people and the
companies located just down the street fromorganization. It is also the face of leadership
each other but miles apart in direction, focus, andrequiring the highest level of soft skills. The
profitability. I'm talking of course about Canada'smentor/coach must have the self confidence to
two largest steelmakers Dofasco andnot see growing the potential of others as
Stelco.Dofasco, with a clear vision, and a historypersonally threatening. The mentor focuses
of strong leadership, is seeing major returns evenoutward on results -- not inward on actions; on
during tough economic times for the steelstrengths and on what can be -- not on
industry as a whole. The story is completelyweakness and what is impossible.The mentor
different a few blocks away. At Stelco, theremaintains focus on the goal, the vision, and the
seems to be a focus on the bricks, mortar, and"quest for the grail" that drives ordinary people to
machinery as the corporate essence without aextraordinary performance. It has been said that
real sense of where the company is going andeveryone has it in him or her to be a superstar in
why. The absence of apparent vision and feelingsome field, in some role. The mentor helps a
of corporate destiny breeds apathy in theperson define his or her strengths to build on
workforce and leads to no feeling ofthem, to strengthen them, to find or create a
accomplishment or pride in their work. It's just arole where these strengths can be utilized to their
place to earn a living and to get away from asfullest potential. With proper mentoring, a person's
soon as possible. In a recent meeting with a Viceweaknesses -- and we all have them -- do not
President I was told that in one mill, "wrench time"matter. People are driving their careers on a road
(the time that maintenance people actually chargethat leverages their superstar qualities.The
to specific jobs) was down to 90 minutes permentor-leader grows individuals, departments, and
shift compared to the industry average of 4the entire organization by helping to set SMART --
hours, and no one can see a way to improvespecific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented,
it.While the absence of vision and poorand timely -- goals. SMART goals at each level
atmosphere are not the sole factors in themust reflect and support the overall corporate
company's decline, it's hard to argue with theirvision. By forging that link between individual
lack of success. Stelco again reported a net lossperformance and how it directly impacts on the
of $82 million in second quarter 2003, more badbottom line, the mentor-leader is engaging the
news after a first quarter net loss of $44employee, making him or her part of the plan, not
million.Stelco is now trying to stop thea victim of it. Influencing others through
hemorrhaging with a change in leadership. Jimconsensus building and buy-in strategies is a key
Alfano stepped down as President and CEO inmentor-leader skill.Effective mentoring/coaching
July, replaced on an interim basis with Fredskills are at the root of a striking turn-around
Telmer, Stelco's Chairman of the Board. Whilestory at Hamilton's ailing National Steel Car. The
Telmer heads the transition team, the search iscompany, founded in 1912, designs and
on for a new CEO. "Has vision" should be at themanufactures railroad freight equipment. But the
top of the qualification checklist.Results rest oncompany was on a bumpy track a few years
the shoulders of the visionary, no effective leaderback until it brought in Dan Elliott, the former
acts alone. The senior leader may only create anPresident of Wabco Freight Car products in
initial "rough draft" of the company plan and mustStoney Creek, as chief operating officer to help
flesh it out through team input. But unless theturn things. The previous owner/management
leader has a clear vision of where he is going, theseems to have been rather autocratic with little
rough draft is likely to remain just that. He mustresponsibility vested in even senior managers --
guide the polishing process.As the vision isnot at all in line with Dan's way of thinking -- and
disseminated deeper into the organization, internalthe company had slipped from its position as one
leaders -- for example, the middle management,of North America's leading rail car manufacturers.
department heads -- are presented with anEmployment had dropped from nearly 3000 to a
already defined goal but the process of articulatingmere 300 workers and the company's economic
that vision and of directing the rest of theprospects looked grim.With a senior management
process through his or her level of responsibility isteam of about a dozen vice presidents, many of
much the same as the view from the top. Afterthem in their early to mid thirties, Elliott began the
all, leadership exists at every level in a company.process of rebuilding the company's vitality. The
Even when the plan reaches the "shop floor",mixture of youth and experience would succeed
every employee can learn to take responsibilityonly if everyone believed in the future and
for self direction in accepting personal responsibilityproactively worked to make the corporate vision
for his or her actions, results and focus on thea reality. To achieve this, Elliott took on the task
corporate goal.The Leader as ManagerA manager,of mentoring his VPs in setting departmental and
by definition, manages. In other words, theindividual SMART goals and then monitoring
manager must plan the processes, create theprogress.The new focus on the vision, with
rules, assign responsibilities, direct activity, provideeveryone knowing where they want to go and
training, focus efforts, control costs, measurecommitting themselves to getting it done, is
progress and report on results. The "leader asworking like magic. Not the process has been an
manager" is the one with the "hard skills" -- theentirely smooth one. The long term people found
planning and organizing, the number crunching, theit difficult at first to accept and believe in the new
industry, equipment and process knowledge. Thisresponsibilities entrusted to them but now, just
is the foundation of leadership on which trueover a year into the transition, the VPs are
leaders build their soft skill development.The keyemulating Elliott's style and their people, in turn,
to being a successful manager-leader is the abilityare emulating them.Elliot supports his VPs on a
to troubleshoot. That is, to find solutions todaily basis, mentoring and coaching individually and
problems and make effective decisions that willcollectively, while ensuring they know he believes
keep them from reoccurring. The managerin them, trusts their decision making abilities and is
shouldn't be just putting out fires; he should beprepared to back them up. The result so far --
preventing them. The ratio of prevented crisis toNational Steel Car is regaining its top industry
reactive problem solving is the main indicator ofposition, employee levels are back up around the
the effective manager-leader. If the leader is1500 mark and the company, despite overall
always running around with a bucket of water,market slumps, is making steady progress
sooner or later someone is going to figure out iftowards real profitability. Vision, mentoring and
he's always putting out the same type of fires.delegation of managerial responsibilities are
Either he lacks the necessary planning,combining here to make a huge difference.Three
organization, influence, and resourcing skills toleaders in oneTo be truly great, a leader must
manage or he has failed to build on his hard skillcomfortably and effectively wear all three "faces".
foundation to bring his leadership to the nextStrong managers may not have a clear picture of
growth level. If the leader brings nothing more towhere they are headed, dreamers may not get
the role than the ability to problem solve, thethe job done and mentors will find it difficult to
company doesn't have a firefighter, it potentiallygrow others if they are not first secure in both
has an arsonist -- someone who consciously ortheir own hard and soft competencies. Defining
unconsciously creates the conditions that requirethe fundamental skills required is the first step in
his skill set. If the operation runs from one infernodeveloping one's leadership potential. The leader
to the next, when does anyone have time tomust then be willing to recognize his limitations and
grow the business? The company suffers. Noweakness and be committed to continuous
matter how addictive the rush of being thelearning and development. This sort of honest
"go-to" person can be, nobody can run on highself-evaluation, willingness to build on strengths and
octane forever. The leader, his performance, asaddress development areas is fundamental on the
well as his quality of life outside of work, allroad to the top. That journey can span a career
deteriorate. What the arsonist has done thinking itbut the pay-off is a successful, prosperous and
will make him essential will eventually burn him outgrowing organization with you at the helm.Len
of a career.Time spent on the managerial role isMcNally is President and founder (in 1996) of The
on a continuum. The more junior the leader, theLeadership Centre, dedicated to leadership
more time -- as much as 80 per spent -- is spentdevelopment, management team building and
on the management functions. The seniorchange management through executive and
executive dedicates less than 20 per cent of hiscorporate coaching - from the top floor to the
time to "managing". While the CEO must alwaysshop floor. With more than thirty years
pay attention and be aware of what is going on,experience in sales, marketing and business
managerial tasks are an effective subordinatedevelopment Len has for many years been an
developing tool and are among the first to beavid student of psychology, behavior and
delegated.If a leader can not delegate, he createsmotivation. He still reads three to four books a
a development and succession bottleneck.month and has writen several book reviews for
Essentially, he is limiting his own potential forHe can be reached at (519) 759-1127 or email:
advancement by not cultivating talent to takethe.leadership.centre@sympatico.ca.