The Critical Success Factors

(Note, although this article was written in early(Effectiveness can be stated as the ratio of
2002, it is totally relevant. Right now.)OUTPUT to INPUT. Efficiency, on the other hand,
About three weeks ago I was surprised by thisis how many INPUT actions you take per unit of
headline in the morning paper:time. For instance, you can increase the number
"Fed says September 11th hurt economy."of calls you make per hour -- that is an increased
Wow!efficiency. You can increase the volume of sales
"What did I miss here?" Was this news? USAfor the same number of calls -- that is increased
Today thought it was. I was shocked the Fedeffectiveness.)
saw fit to announce it.Random examples of things that might be missing
And this week, another one: "NBER Confirmsinclude consistency in marketing, new products or
Recession."services, more sales people, a source of new
Hey, Greenspan! Get out and talk to people. Allleads, an employee (or a self-) development plan.
over the country people tell me that if they2. What are your goals related to this factor?
break even this year, they'll consider it a win. IfSetting new goals can, all by itself, transform your
that's not a "recession"...business. Your goals should be bold and dynamic --
But have you ever wondered what it takes tobig enough to inspire you and everyone around
end a recession? Not the textbook answer: twoyou. Goals work best when they are objective
consecutive quarters of growth. Have you everand quantifiable. And you must believe they are
wondered what causes those consecutive growthachievable - regardless of how difficult or
quarters in the first place?impossible they might seem.
The economy turns up when enough people getSome examples of bold goals: dominate your
tired of the economy being turned down.market niche; double last year's sales; top of the
Companies need things. They need new people orlist in prospect mind- share; 100 percent customer
new services like marketing and sales. Some needrepurchases; three new products developed and
new premises or new equipment. You might beshipped by mid-year; customer problems solved in
saying something like "We really need this or thathalf the current time, a career path for each
but we're not spending another dime until theemployee, sufficient cash to cover any business
economy gets better."emergency.
So we suffer from a cascade effect where you3. How are you going to achieve these goals?
are waiting for someone else to make the firstA successful plan to achieve your goals has
move -- and the economy spirals downward --several components:
getting worse and worse -- until...Who will be accountable for each goal? Not you?
Until people begin to say, "I'm tired of this," or "Ithen which executive? Which managers? What
can't wait anymore," or "Let's get going." And as ifdepartment?
by magic people start spending money again, andSome factors map directly onto a specific
poof -- the recession's over.department, like revenue is owned by sales and
I'm a growth strategist -- I help people figure outmarketing. But factors like intellectual capital or
the best way to build their businesses and makecustomer satisfaction - they don't fall clearly into
more money. I'd like to know when this recessionone department.
will end, but I'm not an economist and that's toEven so, someone still has to 'own' the factor.
difficult a question. Instead, I ask know how muchFigure out who. If no single person is accountable
longer can people sit on their duffs before they- guess what - it won't happen.
finally get so tired they have to act again.Whoever accepts accountability for a specific goal
I expect early next year people are going toshould answer the remaining questions.
reach that point. Although The Fed just made itWhat strategies and tactics have a good chance
official, many businesses turned down in the thirdto realize the goal?
quarter of 2000, and haven't picked up since.If you've set bold objectives, you probably don't
Aren't you bored with all the do-nothing? Don'tyet know how to reach them. That's what
you want to start building your business again? Ofmakes them bold in the first place. For now,
course you do. What do you think everybodyyou're going to have to make up some answers
else thinks?and live with the uncertainty.
(Side note: This forecast is right in line with theAnd while there are no guarantees of success,
"professionals" who say the recession will end mid-each target should have an identifiable path with a
to late 2002. That will only happen ifreasonable probability of getting you there. That
entrepreneurs and consumers start spending earlypath will define one or more initiatives and
in the year.)milestones you can put on a timeline.
So what are you going to do about it? What areWhat structural and procedural changes will you
you personally going to do to end the recession?make relative to this factor?
What are you going to do to start making moneySome examples are adding two salespeople, or a
again? (I agree with President Bush. You don'tnew assistant. Perhaps you will establish new
have to put that flag away, but the most patrioticreporting lines, eliminate paper memos, acquire a
thing you can do right now is start spendingcompetitor, or having a monthly new business
money. If enough people take that leap of faith,quota. Each structural and procedural change will
the global economy will take off like a rocket.)spawn its own initiatives, which you will also
Are you going to be ready?time-line.
Now is a good time to prepare yourself for theDoes this initiative require new people? Do you
next time when people decide to start "doingneed new job descriptions, or add managers? If
business" again.you have to add people feed all the financial
Last month I outlined a way to polish and evenconsiderations back into your budget.
rethink your business strategy. Here I will quicklyTaken together, all the factors, goals, accountable
review the critical factors which will insure yourparties, initiatives, structural changes, timelines,
success.measures and milestones add up to a strategic
A plan designed as a platform for growth andplan for the year.
profits must consider each of the following criticalCan you live without addressing every one of
success factors:these factors?
Money factors: positive cash flow, revenueOf course you can, but can you prosper?
growth, and profit margins.Yes -- you can do that too. But it will be harder.
Acquiring new customers and/or distributors --Let's face it: some companies sell the same
your future.product year after year without making any
Customer satisfaction -- how happy are they?changes. Look at WD-40. They completely own
Quality -- how good is your product and service?the do-it-yourself lubricant niche --all they have to
Product / service development -- what's new thatdo is take orders and keep the shelves stocked.
will increase business with existing customers andBut their growth rate was negative 4.6% this
attract new ones?past year. Obviously they are neglecting one or
Intellectual capital -- increasing what you knowmore critical factors.
that's profitable.So yes -- you need to consider every critical
Productivity -- how efficient are you? Howsuccess factor -- even if you don't do anything
effective?about it you have to think about it.
Strategic relationships -- new sources of business,Increase sales but neglect service - what will
products and outside revenue.happen to customer satisfaction? It will probably
Employee attraction and retention -- your abilitygo down, which will affect repeat sales, your
to do extend your reach.reputation in the market place, and ultimately new
Sustainability -- your personal ability to keep it allsales.
going.Improve product quality but neglect employee
(To find out more about these critical factors, getretention? What will happen to quality next year?
a copy of my book, Faster Than the Speed ofLikely it will go down. And then what will happen
Change - bookblurb.html - it makes a great holidayto sales?
gift for entrepreneurs as well.)As you can see, each factor's improvement
For each factor ask these three broad questions.synergistically contributes to your company's
1. What can you learn from last year's experiencesurvivability and prosperity.
in this factor?Can you do everything at once?
What did you do right? What worked? AlwaysMost businesses don't have the resources for
start with this question. Why? Because it'sthat, so something has to give -- right...
positive. That's why! It's shocking how peopleOr you can create another breakthrough.
naturally drift toward the negative. Even when IThis time, create a breakthrough in planning -- one
ask -- verbatim -- what did you do right, morewhich commits you to some level of
than half the time people respond with somethingadvancement for every one of the critical factors.
they did wrong.This planning task is not as big as you might think
How can you do more of those "right" things?from reading the above. Regardless, you may still
How can you make them even better? How canthink you can't afford the time...
you apply what you learned in this area to someLook - any amateur can grow a business when
other?the economy is going gangbusters, but it takes a
Only when you've exhausted this line ofpurpose, inspiration, and attention to detail to
questioning ask, what did you do wrong? Not toincrease profits while the rest of the world is in a
beat yourself -- to make sure you don't repeat itrecession. Having a strategic plan -- one which
and discover ways to repair or improve theconsiders all the critical success factors - is a sure
process.way to improve the odds in your favor.
Next, ask what is missing. What could you add(c) Copyright Paul Lemberg.
which will improve your effectiveness.