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Up and Down in Toledo, the Expected and the Surprising

I have wanted to visit Toledo for atremains in Toledo. But in the city's San
least forty years and for one particularTomé church, still in the place for
reason, being the canvases of Domenicoswhich it was conceived, is the painter's
Theotokopoulos, or El Greco as we havemasterpiece, the Burial of Señor
learned to call him. Well, now I haveOrgaz. It's so well known that the
been and I found what I sought, plus aexperience of standing before it might
truly amazing and unexpected surprise.provoke déjà vu or anti-climax but,
Toledo is one of those celebrity touristlike all true masterpieces, it
destinations that defy categorization.transcends even its own reputation by
It was a trading centre in Roman times.offering much more than its expectation.
It was the Visigoth's capital in what wePainted in 1586, it depicts the
still call the Dark Ages. It became ainterment of a medieval knight, a
splendid, rich, cosmopolitan,resident of Toledo, philanthropist and
multi-faith trading city and artisticbenefactor of the Sane Tomé church.
centre under Muslim rule. The ChristianIn the foreground, Señor Orgaz's body
era saw the construction and decorationis laid to rest. Meanwhile, towards the
of the institutions and monuments thattop, his soul is admitted to heaven.
now comprise the city's current iconicAcross the entire width of the picture a
identity. And, after the period ofline of mourners faces serves to
relative decline that affected all ofseparate the worldly lower half from the
Spain, it is now one of the world's mostheavens above. Each person is a unique
visited tourist venues whilst retainingindividual, each offering a different
its own, highly dignified life.emotional and perhaps political response
Its setting is superb. Almost surroundedto the burial. In the swirling heavens
by the Rio Tajo, the outcrop towers overabove, human gravity has no place.
the gorge. And it is topped by a mass ofThere, everything glows with a cool
buildings, each of which seems to statewhite light, perhaps suggesting cascades
its own competitive claim to grandeur.of water rather than flights of passion.
Few of them can challenge the sheerAnd it's the row of human heads, with
scale of either the Alcazar or thetheir intellects perhaps combined, that
cathedral. The former is muchforms the boundary between the material
reconstructed and rebuilt after beingworld below and the ethereal heavens
fought over many times, but its vastabove. A true Renaissance message.
scale alone impresses, and surely,There are other El Greco originals and
courtesy of El Greco's paintedseveral copies elsewhere in the city, in
cityscapes, is one of the mostSanto Domingo Antiguo, the cathedral,
recognizable buildings one earth. TheSanta Cruz museum and Tavera museum.
cathedral, on the other hand, is bothPerhaps only the artist himself knows
monumental and aesthetically pleasing.why so many of the people in his
Its pictures include El Greco portraitspaintings have pointed noses. But if all
of the saints and an amazing, nearToledo had to offer was the Burial of
cubist Madonna by Morales. One chapelSeñor Orgaz it would still demand a
has portraits of all the archbishops whovisit.
have reigned there. The treasury hasThe other venue with El Greco paintings
five hundred years of their robes. Andis the Casa del Greco, but this is
the ambulatory behind the altar has someclosed for restoration. There are a
of their cardinal's hats hanging fromcouple of very well known paintings in
the ceiling. Apparently they are hungthat collection, notably a view of the
over the owner's tombs and remain therecity with a map, so they have been
until they rot. The hats, that is.re-housed in the nearby Victorio Macho
There's an interesting point to be mademuseum.
about a visit to one of the town'sGiven my motivation for visiting Toledo,
smaller buildings, the Synagogue ofI doubt whether I would have made the
Santa Maria la Blanca. The period ofVictorio Macho museum a priority. He's a
Muslim rule was marked by greattwentieth century sculptor, born in
tolerance. Though the differentPalencia, Spain, and who spent many
religious communities had their ownyears in Peru. It was the El Greco
areas of the city, Christians, Jews andpaintings, re-housed there, that drew
Muslims built their own churches,me, but I left having experienced one of
synagogues and mosques. But after thethose wonderful surprises that renders a
re-conquest, Christianity asserted itsparticular trip not just memorable but
dominant and normative creed andetched in the mind, never to be
everything except the churches wasforgotten. Macho's work is astoundingly
suppressed. So the synagogue became abeautiful. There are bronzes, stonework
church. An altarpiece was erected inand drawings. His series of self
front of the holy wall and arches wereportraits is masterful, the face full of
bricked up so that Christian paintingsdoubt, but its representation a model of
could be added. And since the Christiansexpression and confident technique. A
actually did not believe that Jews andfemale nude from the back entitled The
Muslims had actually converted, a HolyGuitar is memorable, to say the least.
Inquisition was established wasBut the most stunning piece was the one
established to identify dissenters. Ita fellow visitor described as just like
was not long after this turbulent periodher grandmother. A small old woman
that el Greco arrived in Toledo.dressed entirely in black sits alone
Domenicos Theotokopoulos left Crete towith her head ever so slightly bowed.
train as an artist in Venice. By 1577 heThe head and hands are white. Her
had settled in Toledo and there heexpression at first seems detached, at
stayed. His unique style, a blend ofleast contemplative, perhaps rather
high Renaissance, Orthodox Churchaloof and judgmental. But it changes. A
iconography and emerging Mannerism ishint of a smile appears as you study her
both instantly recognizable andface. And then the sculpture seems to
supremely expressive. His use of light -suggest the woman's entire life. She is
or often lack of it, since he oftensimultaneously old and young, with the
painted in the dark - gives his canvasescontrast of white flesh and black
a strangely ethereal whiteness which soclothes suggesting youth and age. And
often seems to stress the humanity andit's all there in that enigmatic face.
therefore vulnerability of his subjects.So having found in Toledo the experience
El Greco's work, of course, isI sought, an experience of a quality I
represented in major collectionshad expected, the works of Victorio
throughout the world and, it could beMacho provided the surprise which made
argued, the collection in the Prado farthe visit utterly memorable.
exceeds in importance and sensation what



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